write short note on 1. fragmentation 2. spore formation
Fragmentation: This is a method of asexual reproduction. Plant body breaks up into two or more fragments. These pieces grow and develop into individual plants. Example: Algae
Spore formation: Spores are asexual reproductive units. These spores are covered with hard protective cover which protects spore during unfavorable conditions. When favorable condition comes these spores germinate and grow into individual plants. Example: moss and ferns.