what is grafting,layering and cutting

Grafting is any method which surgically connects a part of one plant to a part of another plant; the two then grow together to become a single plant. The top part, which will produce the branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit, is known as the scion (pronounced sigh-on). The lower portion, which produces the root system and the very bottom part of the trunk, is known as the rootstock, understock, or simply stock. The scar where the two are joined, and which may remain visible throughout the life of the tree, is the graft union, bud union, or simply union. Budding is simply a method of grafting in which the original scion had a single axillary bud eye on it (as opposed to a bigger scion with more bud eyes). An axillary bud, known to budders as an eye, is the tiny green bump just above the point of attachment of a leaf, on the stem.

Layering = The process of rooting branches, twigs, or stems that are still attached to a parent plant, as by placing a specially treated part in moist soil.

 Cutting is a serious form of self-injury that involves cutting oneself to the point of bleeding. 

artificial means of vegetative propagation rest is same as ruchi

(Cutting)

La madre de Emma se dio cuenta de que su hija tenia un corte una noche en que la joven estaba lavando la vajilla. Emma le dijo a su madre que el gato la había arañado. A su madre pareció sorprenderle que el gato hubiera sido tan agresivo con su hija, pero no le dio más vueltas al tema.

Las amigas de Emma también habían notado algo extraño. Incluso cuando hacía calor, Emma usaba camisas de manga larga. Además, se había vuelto muy reservada, como si hubiera algo que le preocupara. Pero Emma parecía no poder encontrar las palabras para contarle a su madre o a sus amigas que las marcas que tenía en los brazos eran producto de algo que ella se había hecho. Se cortaba con una navaja cuando estaba triste o disgustada.

and layering in the next one

if u don't understand means tell me

Grafting:

Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another so that the two sets of vascular tissues may join together. This vascular joining is called inosculation. The technique is most commonly used in asexual propagation of commercially grown plants for the horticultural and agricultural trades.

In most cases, one plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion or cion. The scion contains the desired genes to be duplicated in future production by the stock/scion plant.

Cutting:

Plant cutting, also known as striking or cloning, is a technique for vegetatively (asexually) propagating plants in which a piece of the stem or root of the source plant is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil, potting mix, coir or rock wool. The cutting produces new roots, stems, or both, and thus becomes a new plant independent of the parent.

Layering:

Layering is a means of plant propagation in which a portion of an aerial stem grows roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches as an independent plant. Layering has evolved as a common means of vegetative propagation of numerous species in natural environments. Layering is also utilized by horticulturists to propagate desirable plants.

hope it helps!!

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